The capacity to finance the contested sale: official export credit, guarantees and trade finance at the scale and terms that decide who wins capital-goods and infrastructure deals worldwide.
The Capability Development Index tracks the events that move a capability — operational use, technical breakthroughs, procurement decisions and the industrial base behind them — and places each on the record with the date it happened.
Recent developments cover the current period. Historical developments are the inflection points that produced Export Credit & Trade Finance as it stands today.
Two Council decisions established the European framework for consultation and information exchange among member states on officially supported export credits. They form the legal basis on which EU coordination of export credit policy rests.
From 1999 the Arrangement on officially supported export credits classified destination countries into harmonised risk categories, with minimum premium rates allocated to each. This created a common price floor for official export credit cover, limiting the scope for members to win deals by underpricing sovereign and country risk.
Article 1 of Regulation (EU) No. 1233/2011 obliged EU countries to apply the OECD arrangement when providing export credit. This converted a gentlemen's agreement into binding EU law, constraining how member states' export credit agencies may structure terms.